Evaluation of the implantation of the Notifiable Diseases Information System in Pernambuco state, Brazil, 2014. / Avaliação da implantação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação em Pernambuco, 2014.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the implantation of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014. METHODS: This was an evaluation study based on primary data (interviews) and secondary data (SINAN documents/data) provided by the State Health Department and its Regional Divisions in order to estimate the degree of SINAN implantation, comparing structure and process indicators with results achieved. RESULTS: SINAN was found to be partially implemented at central level (77.2%); and at regional level (61.2%), ranging from 54.7 to 71.6%; the following components had been implemented: reporting/investigation (90.0%) and processing (84.1%); analysis/divulgation had been partially implemented (61.6%); while monitoring (53.4%) and management (56.8%) were incipient; there was a lack of planning and published information bulletins; 46.9% of municipalities closed compulsory reporting on time; 68.7% sent batches regularly, 3.0% of tuberculosis cases were duplicated. CONCLUSION: SINAN was found to be partially implemented in Pernambuco due to shortcomings in monitoring and management, with negative influences on system results; its strengths related to reporting, investigation and data processing.

Avaliação da implantação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação em Pernambuco, 2014 / Evaluación de la implantación del Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014 / Evaluation of the implantation of the Notifiable Diseases Information System in Pernambuco state, Brazil, 2014

Objetivo: avaliar a implantação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) de Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014. Métodos: pesquisa avaliativa com dados primários (entrevistas) e secundários (documentos/dados do Sinan) da Secretaria Estadual e Regionais de Saúde, para estimar o grau de implantação, confrontando indicadores de estrutura e processo com os de resultado. Resultados: o Sinan mostrou-se parcialmente implantado nos níveis central (77,2%) e regional (61,2%), variando neste nível de 54,7 a 71,6%; os componentes notificação/investigação (90,0%) e processamento dos dados (84,1%) estavam implantados; análise/divulgação (61,6%), parcialmente implantada; monitoramento (53,4%) e gestão (56,8%), com implantação incipiente; observou-se ausência de planejamento e boletins divulgados; 46,9% dos municípios encerraram oportunamente as notificações compulsórias; 68,7% enviaram lotes regularmente, ocorrendo 3,0% de duplicação de casos de tuberculose. Conclusão: o Sinan mostrou-se parcialmente implantado em Pernambuco, por falhas no monitoramento e gestão, influenciando negativamente nos resultados do sistema; suas fortalezas relacionaram-se à notificação, investigação e processamento dos dados.

Objetivo: evaluar la implantación del Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan) de Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014. Métodos: investigación evaluativa de implantación, con datos primarios (entrevistas) y secundarios (documentos/datos del Sinan) de la Secretaría Estadual y Regionales de Salud, para estimar el grado de implantación, confrontando indicadores de estructura y proceso a los de resultado. Resultados: el Sinan se mostró parcialmente implantado en nivel central (77,2%) y regional (61,2%), en este variando entre 54,7 y 71,6%; los componentes notificación/investigación (90,0%) y procesamiento (84,1%) estaban implantados; análisis/divulgación (61,6%), parcialmente implantado; monitoreo (53,4%) y gestión (56,8%), incipientes; se observó ausencia de planificación y boletines divulgados; 46,9% de municipios cerraron oportunamente las notificaciones obligatorias; un 68,7% envió lotes regularmente, con 3,0% de duplicación de casos de tuberculosis. Conclusión: el Sinan se mostró parcialmente implantado en Pernambuco por fallas en monitoreo y gestión, con influencias negativas sobre los resultados; sus puntos fuertes está relacionados a la notificación, la investigación y al procesamiento de datos.

Objective: to evaluate the implantation of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014. Methods: This was an evaluation study based on primary data (interviews) and secondary data (SINAN documents/data) provided by the State Health Department and its Regional Divisions in order to estimate the degree of SINAN implantation, comparing structure and process indicators with results achieved. Results: SINAN was found to be partially implemented at central level (77.2%); and at regional level (61.2%), ranging from 54.7 to 71.6%; the following components had been implemented: reporting/investigation (90.0%) and processing (84.1%); analysis/divulgation had been partially implemented (61.6%); while monitoring (53.4%) and management (56.8%) were incipient; there was a lack of planning and published information bulletins; 46.9% of municipalities closed compulsory reporting on time; 68.7% sent batches regularly, 3.0% of tuberculosis cases were duplicated. Conclusion: SINAN was found to be partially implemented in Pernambuco due to shortcomings in monitoring and management, with negative influences on system results; its strengths related to reporting, investigation and data processing.

A strategy action from the Cievs/Pernambuco in response to the emergency on Congenital Syndrome associated to Zika virus infection: an integrative action / Estratégia de atuação do Cievs/Pernambuco na resposta à emergência da Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo vírus Zika: uma ação integrativa

Abstract Objectives: to describe the strategy action from the Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde (Cievs/PE) (Strategic Information on Health Surveillance Center) in response to the emergency on Congenital Syndrome associated to Zika virus infection (CSZ) in Pernambuco State between 2015 and 2016. Methods: description performed on the strategies and activities developed by Cievs/PE during the important international public health emergency related to CSZ. Results: participated in detecting suspected CSZ cases; participated in elaborating clinical epidemiological protocols; developed electronic forms to notify CSZ cases and pregnant women with exanthema rashes; prepared epidemiological reports; developed a website about the emergency on the Cievs/PE website; insert the occurrence in the Comitê de Avaliação e Monitoramento de Eventos (CAME) (Committee to Assess and Monitor Occurrence); resolution of demands during readiness; technical visits from National and International institutions. The actions developed by the Cievs/PE were fundamental in detecting and following-up on 2,073 CSZ cases. 390 cases were confirmed (18.1%) and 1,413 were discarded (65.6%), and 4,467 pregnant women had exanthema rash. Conclusions: the action from the Cievs/PE allowed to employ timely strategies on preparation and response in a qualified and cooperative way to face public health emergency on CSZ's

Resumo Objetivos: descrever a estratégia de atuação do Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde (Cievs/PE) na resposta à emergência da Síndrome Congênita associada à infecção pelo vírus Zika (SCZ) no estado de Pernambuco, entre 2015 e 2016. Métodos: realizada descrição das estratégias e atividades desenvolvidas pelo Cievs/PE durante a emergência em saúde pública de importância internacional relacionada a SCZ. Resultados: participação na detecção dos casos suspeitos da SCZ; participação na elaboração dos protocolos clínico epidemiológicos; construção de formulários eletrônicos para notificação dos casos da SCZ e gestante com exantema; elaboração de informes epidemiológicos; construção de página eletrônica sobre a emergência no site do Cievs/PE; inserção do evento no Comitê de Avaliação e Monitoramento de Eventos (CAME); resolução de demandas durante a prontidão; visita técnica de instituições nacionais e internacionais. As ações desenvolvidas pelo Cievs/PE foram fundamentais para a detecção e acompanhamento de 2.073 casos da SCZ, com a confirmação 390 (18,1%) e descarte de 1.413 (65,6%) casos, e 4.467 gestantes com exantema. Conclusões: a atuação do Cievs/PE permitiu o emprego de estratégias de preparação e resposta em tempo oportuno, de forma qualificada e cooperativa no enfrentamento a emergência em saúde pública da SCZ.

Características dos primeiros casos de microcefalia possivelmente relacionados ao vírus Zika notificados na Região Metropolitana de Recife, Pernambuco / Características de los primeros casos de microcefalia, posiblemente relacionadas con el virus Zika reportados en la Región Metropolitana de Recife / Characteristics of the first cases of microcephaly possibly related to Zika virus reported in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil

OBJETIVO: descrever os primeiros casos de microcefalia possivelmente relacionados ao vírus Zika em nascidos vivos notificados na Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo de tipo série de casos (notificados de 1º de agosto a 31 de outubro de 2015), com dados obtidos dos registros médicos e de questionário aplicado às mães. RESULTADOS: foram confirmados 40 casos com microcefalia, distribuídos em oito municípios da Região Metropolitana do Recife, com maior concentração no Recife (n=12); a mediana do perímetro cefálico foi de 29 cm, do perímetro torácico, 31 cm, e do peso, 2.628 gramas; 21/25 casos apresentaram calcificação cerebral, ventriculomegalia ou lisencefalia; entre as 40 mães, 27 referiram exantema na gestação, 20 no primeiro trimestre e sete no segundo, além de prurido, cefaleia, mialgia e ausência de febre. CONCLUSÃO: a maioria dos casos apresentou características de infecção congênita; a maioria das mães apresentou quadro sugestivo de infecção pelo vírus Zika na gestação.

OBJETIVO: describir los primeros casos de microcefalia en nacidos vivos reportados al Departamento de Salud del Estado de Pernambuco, en la región metropolitana de Recife, Pernambuco, 2015. MÉTODOS: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de serie de casos (reportados de 1 de agosto a 31 de octubre de 2015), con datos obtenidos de registros médicos y cuestionarios aplicados a las madres. RESULTADOS: 40 casos fueron confirmados con microcefalia, en ocho municipios de la región metropolitana de Recife, con mayor concentración de casos en Recife (n=12); la circunferencia media de la cabeza fue 29 cm, perímetro torácico 31 cm y peso 2.628 gramos; exámenes revelaron que 21/25 casos mostraron calcificación, dilatación ventricular o lisencefalia; de las 40 madres, 27 (68%) informan exantema durante la gestación, 20 (74%) en el primer trimestre y siete (26%) en la segunda, además de prurito, dolor de cabeza, mialgia y ausencia de fiebre. CONCLUSIÓN: la mayoría de los casos presenta características de infección congénita; la mayoría de las madres mostró características que sugieren infección por el virus Zika en el embarazo.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the first cases of microcephaly possibly related to Zika virus in live born babies reported in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. METHODS: this was a descriptive case series study (cases reported between August 1st and October 31st 2015), using medical record data and data from a questionnaire answered by the mothers of the babies. RESULTS: 40 microcephaly cases were confirmed, distributed in eight municipalities within the Metropolitan Region, with Recife itself having the highest concentration of cases (n=12); median head circumference was 29 cm, median chest girth was 31 cm and median weight was 2,628 grams; 21/25 cases had brain calcification, ventriculomegaly or lissencephaly; 27 of the 40 mothers reported rash during pregnancy, 20 in the first trimester and 7 in the second trimester, as well as itching, headache, myalgia and absence of fever. CONCLUSION: the majority of the cases bore the characteristics of congenital infection; the clinical condition of the majority of mothers suggested Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Characteristics of the first cases of microcephaly possibly related to Zika virus reported in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. / Características dos primeiros casos de microcefalia possivelmente relacionados ao vírus Zika notificados na Região Metropolitana de Recife, Pernambuco.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the first cases of microcephaly possibly related to Zika virus in live born babies reported in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. METHODS: this was a descriptive case series study (cases reported between August 1st and October 31st 2015), using medical record data and data from a questionnaire answered by the mothers of the babies. RESULTS: 40 microcephaly cases were confirmed, distributed in eight municipalities within the Metropolitan Region, with Recife itself having the highest concentration of cases (n=12); median head circumference was 29 cm, median chest girth was 31 cm and median weight was 2,628 grams; 21/25 cases had brain calcification, ventriculomegaly or lissencephaly; 27 of the 40 mothers reported rash during pregnancy, 20 in the first trimester and 7 in the second trimester, as well as itching, headache, myalgia and absence of fever. CONCLUSION: the majority of the cases bore the characteristics of congenital infection; the clinical condition of the majority of mothers suggested Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Microcephaly in Pernambuco State, Brazil: epidemiological characteristics and evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of cutoff points for reporting suspected cases. / Microcefalia no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: características epidemiológicas e avaliação da acurácia diagnóstica dos pontos de corte adotados para notificação de caso.

The increase in the number of reported cases of microcephaly in Pernambuco State, and Northeast Brazil, characterized an epidemic that led the Brazilian Ministry of Health to declare a national public health emergency. The Brazilian Ministry of Health initially defined suspected cases as newborns with gestational age (GA) ≥ 37 weeks and head circumference (HC) ≤ 33cm, but in December 2015 this cutoff was lowered to 32cm. The current study aimed to estimate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of different cutoff points for HC, using ROC curves, with the Fenton and Intergrowth (2014) curves as the gold standard. The study described cases reported in Pernambuco from August 8 to November 28, 2015, according to sex and GA categories. The Fenton and Intergrowth methods provide HC growth curves according to GA and sex, and microcephaly is defined as a newborn with HC below the 3rd percentile in these distributions. Of the 684 reported cases, 599 were term or post-term neonates. For these, the analyses with ROC curves show that according to the Fenton criterion the cutoff point with the largest area under the ROC curve, with sensitivity greater than specificity, is 32cm for both sexes. Using the Intergrowth method and following the same criteria, the cutoff points are 32cm and 31.5cm for males and females, respectively. The cutoff point identified by the Fenton method (32cm) coincided with the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommendation. Adopting Intergrowth as the standard, the choice would be 32cm for males and 31.5cm for females. The study identified the need to conduct critical and on-going analyses to evaluate cutoff points, including other characteristics for microcephaly case definition.